Fracking An Unconventional Technique For Harvesting...

Fractually Inaccurate Hydraulic fracturing, commonly known and hereby referred to as fracking, has been around for decades- but it seems that it has only recently become a prominent point of contention in our society. Fracking is considered an unconventional technique for harvesting natural gas and oil. Where conventional wells drill straight down and can only collect from more free-flowing deposits, fracking allows for horizontal drilling into shale deposits and uses water pressure to enlarge pre-existing fractures- freeing up otherwise unobtainable fuel. First used by Halliburton in 1949 (Beaver 179), fracking has been credited as having wide variety of economic and environmental benefits. Recently however, it has come under fire as being a dangerous and dirty source of energy. Using the articles â€Å"Should We Frack?† by Bruce Beaver, and Cornucopia or Curse? Reviewing the Costs and Benefits of Shale Gas Hydraulic Fracturing (Fracking),† by B.K. Sovacool, I will eval uate the merits and detriments of the fracking process. By examining its environmental, public health and safety, and economic effects- I will show that fracking is not stable, safe, or clean enough to be considered an effective, long-term source of energy. The most obvious obstacle to fracking becoming a sustainable source of energy is the way in which it contributes to climate change. In his article, B.K. Sovacool cites a study which states that 50 percent of natural gas wells that were inspected in QuebecShow MoreRelatedFracking : The Economic And Environmental Effect Of Hydraulic Fracking1165 Words   |  5 PagesFracking Fracking, a technique used to extract natural gas and oil from the earth s subterranean rocks, is by no means a new thing. As the United States strives for energy independence, the number of wells produced by hydraulic fracturing has increased substantially. This method of harvesting natural gas and oil may contribute to pollution and has become a controversial topic. It is important to understand the pros and cons of fracking before drawing conclusions. Analyzing the economic and environmental

Computerized Payroll free essay sample

Nowadays all the establishment are becoming modernized, they use modern technologies to make their transaction fast, easy, and accurate in order to avoid waste of time and for the sake of safety and security. It also helps human to solve and understand complex problem and analysis such us the computational needs of human. Especially to business establishment or corporation processing enormous data and complex transaction. Payroll is an example of a complex transaction because it is a critical business operation dealing with numerous accounts and produce plenty and confidential files. Payroll is encompasses every employee of a company receives a regular wages or other compensation due to each. Applying manual procedure on a payroll transaction involving the vast beat answer in that problem would be computer because computers can simulate enormous data and can process complex transaction in a fast and efficient way. It can generate numerous accounts and data accurately. A computerized Payroll System will not only provide accurate calculations and fast process of Payroll transaction but it will secure data through security implementations and accordingly arrange files provided by a well-designed database that will produce a paperless environment. Conceptual Framework Every employee needs to be paid for the services he provides. For this to happen, the employer must have a payroll system in place. Without it, chaos occurs, as employees will become upset if their checks are inaccurate (or worse, if they dont get paid) due to a haphazard payroll structure. So obviously, there are benefits to be derived from using a payroll system. A payroll system is the method used by payroll professionals to pay employees for their services. Regardless of the type of system used, there are basic INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT Feedback Figure1. Computerized Payroll System Conceptual Paradigm As shown in the Figure 1. In the previous page the manual payroll operation of A ‘Venture Marketing Corporation encounters problems and inconvenience. In order to solve these, the researchers analyzed the problems, conducted informal interview and survey from the employees and talents gathered information. The output of the study and investigation conducted by the researchers is the Proposed Computerized Payroll System. This covers the regular employees. Statement of the Problem This study aimed to find out the features considered in developing a Computerized Payroll System of A ‘Venture Marketing Corporation. Specially, it sought answers to the following questions: 1. What are the advantages of the proposed system? 2. What are the conribution of the Proposed Computerized Payroll System to company? 3. How is the user acces to program in the terms of the folowing: a. Reliability b. User-Friendliness c. Accuracy d. Speed e. Security Scope and Limitations The study covered the designing of the system that would improve the quality of service rendered by the A ‘Venture Marketing Corporation. This study included the making of more efficient system in the sense of handling their data and modernization of employee list. The study was limited to the selected Employee List. The selected employees are fifth teen (15). Significance of the Study Accounting Department – Since the accounting department who compute and record the salary of the employee, using the system will enable them to do their task faster and more accurate. Employee – This study will accurately compute the salary of their regular employees. This includes the deductions, gross pay and net pay. This will provide an excellent service due to faster and more accurate transactions. To the Company – This study will make the company to become more competitive. It can give them confidence because the use of a modern tool such as computerization will help them in running their business more efficiently. Definition of terms Reliability – it is likelihood of a computer system for device-continuing of function over a given period of time and under specified conditions. User-friendliness – it is the attribute of the system, which allows easy interaction between the user and the software. Accuracy – the condition or quality of being true. Speed – it is the capacity of handli9ng and processing data in easier time. Security – securing the data of the researchers. CHAPTER 2 Review of the Literature LOCAL LITERATURE The success of any business, large or small, chiefly depends on the ability and efficiency of the person in its role. People are hired to do the jobs to attain the objectives of the business. People make use of many, materials, and machines to produce goods and render services. Jobs differ and require a wide variety of skills, knowledge and ability. (Ong. 2004) According to Esquinda (2004), the system should be capable of producing reports even at short notice. The time spent for data gathering and record producing reports even at short notice. The time spent for data gathering and record counting will be much reduced by computerization to report generation should at most take three minutes per reports. All data into the system should be accurate to ensure that all information being produced are reliable and can be use will be manifested in the accuracy of the output of the system generates. Hence, the reports produced by the system; especially the statistical produced per year. For example, there should be no instance of error. Jollibee Foods Corporations was cited as â€Å"Asia’s† Most Admired Companies by Asian Business Magazine. Top Company’s since it is regarded as in the Philippines and one of the number one retail and Customers Companies in Asia; therefore it is operates the largest fast food chain in the Philippines, which is Jollibee. It is reported to have annual revenue of P198 billion on December 31, 2000; it now owns and franchises approximately 150 restaurants under the Jollibee, Greenwich, Chowking and Delifrance brands. According to Mr. Ernesto Tanmationg, Executive Vice President of Jollibee, â€Å"The computer software has the functionality and features that will help Jollibee achieve its goal to improve customers service, increase sales and reduce coasts†. Also, Mr. Norman Tsui a Sweda’s Chairman and Executive stated â€Å"We are extremely pleased that Jollibee has selected Companies for its restaurants. A number of restaurants operations, both multinational and regional, have incorporated Companies as integral parts of its successful system strategies. Mr. Ricardo M. Harina, stated that database is an organized collection of information, such as the list of names, addresses and sales transactions. The present study in like manner process data in terms of sales and stock inventory. Alcuaz (1988) said that the use of computer could increase efficiency, enhance productivity, create competitive advantage, and improved profitability. Computer helps increase the productivity of people. This is true whether they are working alone or working with other within a formal organization such as business cooperative. The state of the computer industry in government is described by William Torres in the following statement. â€Å"We anticipate that as a result of the government initiative, computerization in government will move into high gear†. (Manila 1984) FOREIGN LITERATURE The global business economy operates tear-round, without regard to time, location, geographic, boundaries, language, or culture. For any business to succeed, it must create a technology platform and infrastructure that operate on the same way. This has given rise to the notion of ubiquitous computing- computing and technology support anytime, anywhere, with access to all needed information and all business partners always, both internal and external to the organization. Ubiquitous computing is not so much the technology; it is a concept about the technology, stressing that technology should enable you work anywhere and anytime. To support the trend toward ubiquitous computing the concepts of decentralized computing and shared information are very important. According to James O’ Brien. â€Å" In the developed countries, the computer is being utilized at its maximum capacity. They are getting the fields. Names of data fields and the type to be stored in each field are identified in the structured of the database. (Database III plus Handbook, p. 9). Laudon (1998) stated in their book, â€Å"Powerful computers software and networks have helped organizations become more flexible, eliminate layers of management, separate works from location, and structure work flows, giving new powers both to line workers and management. An effective information system is provides users with timely; accurate and relevant information is stored in computer files. When the files are properly arranged and maintained, users can easily access and retrieved the information they used†. Neil Graham stated that today, computers are almost everywhere. Small businesses have their own computers. Many professionals like doctors, lawyers, and engineers use computers in their field of works. Access to computers is not only relevant issue in the proposed system. The design of the user interface will be widely accepted by prospective users. Edward Yourdon, in the books â€Å"Modern Structured Analysis â€Å"said, â€Å"Your system should request inputs and produced outputs in consistent fashion. This is particularly true for system where the users can enter several transaction several displays†. (p. 393) Likewise, Sheridan C. Briggs Jr. also stated that â€Å"Computer-based† records are faster and much more accurate than manually based records. When a computer records is supposed to be added accurately and the computer has been correctly programmed, the record is added correctly†. (Biggs, The Changing Economics of Public Accounting Profession†1987) LOCAL STUDIES Cagayan De Oro City Hall Computerize Payroll System The City Accounting Department has introduced an upgraded computerized payroll system for permanent employees in a bid to improve its services and maximize resources. â€Å"This project, which was conceived two years ago, basically aims to improve our services particularly in the processing of payrolls for permanent employees,† City Accountant Wilma Polley-Rugay told payroll in-charge of the different departments and offices at City Hall during a briefing and orientation on the concept of the one-month payroll system held Friday last week at the City Council session hall in Cagayan de Oro City. With the added features of the new computerized payroll system, Rugay hoped that the preparation, processing and payment of payroll system to permanent employees would be hastened and fast-tracked. Rugay stressed that the adoption of the one-month payroll system is also beneficial, not only to the City Accounting Department, but also to the payroll-in-charge as it would save time, energy and resources. â€Å"Employees who handle payroll preparation and processing can now attend to other office needs and concerns as the new payroll system will lessen their workload,† she added. Under the new payroll system, preparation and processing of payroll, which reflects the accrued amount payable every 15th and 30th day of the month, is done only once. Unlike the time-consuming old payroll system, preparation and processing of payroll is done twice a month covering the first half and second half of the month. It may be recalled that Mayor Constantino Jaraula ordered last week the adoption of the new computerized payroll system which is expected to take effect starting the month of October (www. misamisprobe. wordpress. com, 2007). Computerized Payroll System of Department of Health (DOH) The Computerized Payroll System is a window based program especially designed to facilitate and simplify the monthly preparation of general payroll and related reports such as Standard computerized payroll system for use in all DOH offices. It allows faster and more accurate computation of monthly gross income, deductions and net salary, less-resource-consuming generation of General Payroll and other payroll related reports and security and integrity of payroll data and information. The features of computerized payroll system of DOH are graphical user interface interactive and menu-driven program, systematic maintenance and retrieval of employee records. It is flexible as it provides options to include additional fields for other compensation and deductions unique to an office or unit and could do automatic computation of monthly net income, GSIS, PAG-IBIG, Withholding Tax and other deductions, Y2K compliant, Fast and easy generation of the General Payroll and all other payroll related reports which include Monthly reports like GSIS and PAG-IBIG remittances, Denominations Report and Leave Credits Report and annual Year-end Tax Reports. It has password security to ensure the integrity of data. General payroll reports such as Payroll Summary sheet, Pay slip, Leave Credits Report, Withholding Tax Statement (W-2), BIR Remittance Reports, GSIS Remittance Reports, PAG-IBIG Remittance Reports, Other User-defined Reports (PERA, ACA, PNB, etc.. ) could be generated by this system. (www2. doh. gov. ph). Infinitech PAYROLL Philippines is a powerful client-server based Payroll system basically designed to fit any type of business in the Philippines, complete with the government features deduction such as SSS, Pag-ibig, PhilHealth and tax tables. It helps the business process and maintains all payroll related reports. Now with Infinitech Payroll System, submission of monthly, quarterly and year-end government mandated contribution is just a matter of mouse click and the product will definitely give infinite and flexible features that will fit any operation. Antonio Ballesteros Jr. in this study of System Analysis Design, â€Å"There are more companies that rely on manual system because the software they’ve been using is not actually suited in the services they deliver or it does not support the needs of their company†. (Ballesteros,2001 pp1-2). Balleza et. al. (2002) stated in their study that the advent of computer changed the way other people. Generally, computers made man’s execution of his job easier with just a push button, complicated task are accomplished with ease and within a very short time. Use of computers also increased productivity by maximizing accuracy and efficiency. Balleza idea was relevant to the present study because it emphasize that the computerization make processing of data easier and the same idea that this study wants to pursue that the proposed Computer Based Marketing System of Unlimited Drinks Inc. , Chowking, Sta. Ana make its processing of data easier and faster. On the present study, users were encouraged to rely on the proposed computerized system for it suited their needs promoted good services with more advantages in proposed system. A study done by Mustafa (1990) dealt with the computer marketing management of the selected customer goods manufacturing companies. (Unpublished Master’s Thesis Adamson University, 1990). Foreign Studies Titus Information Payroll System Payroll System designed to produce payroll checks with appropriate withholdings, benefits, allowances, and deductions for employees in multiple companies, departments, and/or sub-departments. It has been designed to handle up to 1,000,000 employees in 100 companies, 1,000 departments in each company, and 36 sub-departments in each department. Some of the features and benefits of the Payroll System are multiple cost centers for payroll reporting, will handle special non-taxable benefits for ministers, flexible withholding capability, ability to split payroll expense between different cost centers, complete governmental reporting; FICA, FUTA, SUTA, Workmans Compensation, W-2s, and 1099s, Payroll check reversal, One check capability, Salaried, hourly, and contract employees in the same payroll run, Combined processing for weekly, bi-weekly, semi-monthly, or monthly, Taxable and non-taxable benefits and deductions, Multiple hourly rates for each employee, General ledger interface, Check list UFD file for check reconciliation, Extensive personnel information for each employee, Accrual of sick, vacation, and holiday hours, Flexible federal, state, and local taxation, Multiple company, department, and sub-department capability, Flexible benefit and deduction capability, Easy federal, state, and local tax table maintenance, Split income over multiple companies, departments, sub-departments, Payroll accrual/reversal capabilities, Time card data entry function, Special message function for printing on check stubs. (Www. titusinformationsystems. com) Canadian Payroll System Sage Accpac Canadian Payroll is a flexible module that gives you complete control over employee earnings and benefits, special payroll situations and government reporting, ensuring that your companys payroll requirements and personnel policies are accurate to the penny. You can enter or import timecards, enter after-the-fact paycheques, run automatic calculations or even combine all three methods to get your pay data into the system and your paycheques deployed on time. Payroll handles all pay frequencies; multiple work states; unlimited earnings, deductions, benefits and taxes; and other pay factors such as expense reimbursements, accruals and advances. (www. 2020software. com) Zenith Bank Plc. Automated Payroll System Services Payroll is an electronic salary solution designed by Zenith bank to effect fast and timely salary payment to staff of all our corporate clients/customers. Some Features are Client should have a corporate account with Zenith Bank. Client should send the payment schedule electronically in the specified format to the designated Zenith Bank e-mail address. The payment schedule could include payment to Zenith and non-Zenith customers. Where the bank has approved a credit facility in favour of a participating distributor, the distributor would have access to more funding for its business. The account number to be debited and the effective date of the payment must be clearly stated. This must be a letter headed paper from the corporate (www. zenithbank. com). INFONETICS Payroll System The PAYROLL SYSTEM is used to maintain a list of employees’ names, addresses and employment information and is used to interactively calculate and print payroll checks. Employees’ hours are entered and distributed to appropriate Department/cost centers. Annualized tax tables are then used to automatically compute deductions before the check is printed on bank stock. Monthly and quarterly reports are used to prepare tax filings, and provide analytical information. W-2’s can be generated automatically at year-en (www. infonetx. com, 2009). Technology is constantly changing and it is important to make sure the software package is capable of handling the current and future demands of the company. One of the greatest challenges companies face is purchasing software best suited for their business and replacing payroll software can be one of the most challenging. The responsibility for selecting and evaluating new payroll software packages software often time falls on the Payroll or Human Resources Department. Due to improper planning and time constrains, many companies find themselves scrambling to find a payroll software package at the last time minute to satisfy the needs of the company without involving a tremendous learning curve. Professor Osterheld invented the accounting information system which is the system of records a business keeps to maintain its accounting system. This includes the purchase, sales, and other financial processes of the business. The purpose of AIS is to accumulate data and provide decision makers(investors, creditors, and managers) with information to make decision while this was previously a paper-based process; most modern businesses now use accounting software such as UBS,MYOB etc. Information System personnel need knowledge of database management and programming language such as C,C++,JAVA and SQL as all software is basically built from platform or database. (McGraw-Hill,2007). Chapter 3 Research Methodology Study is â€Å"a process of scientific thinking that leads to the discovery or establishment of new knowledge or truth. It is not subjective expression if ideas or opinion. † It has several methodologies to be followed to a conduct a research. Research Design This study use for the probability type of sampling as the researcher have determine specific numbers of respondents who will be included in the sample. The respondent of the study will be the employees (15), employees of the A ‘Venture Marketing Corporation. Respondent of the Study The survey questionnaire and interview will be answer by the: Employee They are the future beneficiary of the study. The researcher did this because the researchers want to help the accounting department of the company to lessen their work in doing the payroll process. Data Gathering Procedures Scientific Method: 1. Precise statement of the problem. 2. Careful attention to detail. 3. Objectively on making observation. 4. Precision in analyzing data and reporting results. 5. Use of mathematical and statistical techniques. 6. Systematic, logical plan for solving problems. 7. Evaluation of result. 8. Readjustment of system to bring it more in lines of objectives. Data Gathering and Instrument In gathering date we use some instrument to accumulate and manipulate data such as much as possible. The instruments we use are questionnaire, observation and interview method. 1. Questionnaire Method Weuse this instrument to gather data by formulating several questions related to inventory system with the space provided for indicating the response to each question, intended for submission to a number of people for reply. 2. Observation Method We based our observation on our experience; usually researcher’s does not rely merely on opinion but also in this case. We can ensure that it can never be opinionated in the part of the result of the research. The pertinent event we experience though there is no objective observation guide use we assume being the researcher does not give only our opinion but also we presumed to be a first-hand information source. 3. Interview Method Another method we use is the interview method where we conduct verbal interaction betweenthe interview or respondents,specifically the unstructred or unstandardized interview in the researcher can modify,repeat,Elicidate the questions asked may follow up the responses of the interviewee without of course deviating from the purposes of the interview. In selecting sample size of population to be asked with our prepared questionaire we uses a sample technique to be our guidline, known as the random sampling. Random sampling is a method of selecting a sample size from universe such that each member of the population has an equal chance of included in the sample and all possible combinations of the size has an equal chance of selected as sample (Weirsma , 1975). Because through this, it can gives every members of the population to be a sample. Abiding also with theire principles, which are equi-probability and independence. Equi-probability means that every member of the population has an equal chance of being include in sample. Independence means that when one member selected for the sampling this should not affect the chances for the other members getting chosen. Statistical Treatment of Data The following statistical tools are to be used in the Treatment and analysis of data. 1. Percentage – This is use to establish the profile of the Respondents of the study and answer sub problem. Its formlula is as follows: F P = x 100 N Where P = Percentage (%) F = Frequency N = Total number of Respondents 2. Weighted Mean – The process of finding, which is reffered to as the central tendency was used. The formula is given below: (wx) X = ? N Where x= weighted mean w= weighted factor ?= sum of N = total number of respondents X= score The Researchers will use the â€Å"Likert Scale† to determine the level of the security and safety procedure with regards to the customer’s safety. A criterion that serves as the basis of interpretation of the results of the study was employed for the concept of rounding numeral. RateVerbal InterpretationRange 5Highly Implemented4. 51-5. 00 4Implemented3. 51-4. 50 3Moderately Implemented2. 51-3. 50 2Fairly Implemented1. 51-2. 50 1Not Implemented1. 00-1. 50 System Flow Chart

Meditation free essay sample

Meditation Sit as you wish on a chair or on the floor with your back straight. Turn the palms of your hands up Close your eyes. Take a deep breath, inhaling through your nose and exhaling from your mouth. With each breath, in and out, release the tension in your body more and more. Smile, and imagine each organ in your body, in turn, smiling back at you. Think of what you have to be grateful for in your life. Now start visualizing a fluid white light entering your body through your feet and moving slowly pward, toes to feet to ankles, legs to thighs and hips saying to yourself I open myself to the light, to the teacher within and without or I honor the divinity that resides within me. Continue to visualize the light rising, filling every inch, every muscle- hips to waist, belly, back, shoulders lingering everywhere you feel tension or pain -your arms, elbows, hands and fingers. We will write a custom essay sample on Meditation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Feel the light move up, neck to chin, to lips, eyes, forehead and hair. Now see how your entire body glows with white light. See a spark of that light leave your body through the top of your head. You are that spark of light. See that spark of light you flying high to the sky, to the clouds. Repeat I open myself to the light, to the teacher within and without or I honor the divinity that resides within me. Continue to fly, higher and higher, until you are in a magical place, unseen before, a place of beauty almost beyond imagining. Colors so vibrant they seem unreal, lakes, mountains, waterfalls, flowers, birds and butterflies and unicorns, fanciful creatures of all kinds. Create your imaginary garden, your magical place you will always go to. Here everything is peaceful, and everything possible. When a thought comes to mind Just focus on your breath or repeat and let the thought go like clouds in the sky. Be gentle with yourself. Imagine now a bright white light shining down upon you, reflecting and intensifying your own light giving you unconditional love. Love as you have never known it before. Rest in this place. Rest here, and magic will happen. When it feels right, begin the return to your body n the same way you left it slowly, until you are ready to end your meditation. But before you end it, visualize your body filled with light, enter it and stay with for a few minutes. Then, with your hands in prayer position, lift them to your forehead to remind yourself to be aware of your thoughts. Drop them to your lips to remind yourself to be conscious of your words. Drop them to your heart to remind yourself to be conscious of your actions. And last, bow to yourself to honor the master within you You are saluting the God By satharmk

The Keyword Game Basic SEO Tips - The Writers For Hire

THE KEYWORD GAME: BASIC SEO TIPS I recently attended another webinar, this one through PRWeb entitled â€Å"How to Use Your News to Bring Customers Straight to Your Door.† As you know, SEO is the name of the game in establishing a strong online presence – whether you’re selling running shoes or life coaching services. Janet Driscoll Miller is President and CEO of Search Mojo, and a bonafide guru when it comes to all things related to search engine optimization. The foundation of any SEO program, she says, is keywords. Making sure you find the best keywords for your business is the easiest way to optimize your website or press release so that your name comes up first in Google or Yahoo! searches, driving traffic to your site. Keywords need to be: Researched: Google has a free tool here: https://adwords.google.com/select/KeywordToolExternal. This tool allows you to look up keywords to see how often they are searched for on Google. Just for giggles, let’s say you have an online store that specializes in key duplication. Your website may be optimized for â€Å"key duplication,† but the Google tool says that â€Å"key copy† is a much more popular search. A smart businessman would change his optimization to â€Å"key copy† immediately – and then sit back and watch traffic to his site spike. When you use the tool, try a couple of different keyword combinations to find the most popular. Targeted: You don’t want to have a keyword that’s too broad or generic like â€Å"purses.† You’ll likely find that the competition is too stiff when your keyword is overreaching. Make sure you target the keyword to your specific product or service – something more like â€Å"eco-friendly purses.† Dense: Optimum keyword density is anywhere between 2% and 4% per page on your site. You don’t want to overrun your site with keywords, because it makes your content unreadable – and hurts your search engine ranking. Open-minded. Ok, little joke. Your keywords don’t have to be open-minded, but you should be. The best keyword for your business might not be what you have branded on your website – for instance, your business may sell â€Å"preowned vehicles,† but the fact of the matter is â€Å"used car† is a more popular search. You may have to bite the bullet and optimize for a keyword that you don’t have branded on your website – but it’s going to work. In addition, there are many professional search engine optimization services that can help optimize your website or press releases. These are just a few tips to get you started on SEO for your website and press releases. Have any questions – feel free to ask!

Martin Luther Trial essays

Martin Luther Trial essays Martin Luther refused to admit guilt for what he had repeatedly published over the prior four years. Martin Luther was a German monk and was directly challenging the authority and teaching of Western Christendom and the man believed by Catholics to be the human representative of God on Earth, the Pope, Pope Leo X to be exact. Luther was challenging the power of Rome just as his ancestors did centuries ago. In order for the church to pay for wars and to encourage young men to fight began selling indulgences around the time of the Crusades. Anyone who bought an indulgence would receive complete absolution and remission of all sins and preferential treatment for future sins. Martin Luther posted his Ninety-Five Theses on the door of the Castle Church at Wittenberg. Luthers argument was that selling pardons like souvenirs trivialized sins. He criticized the pope for claiming to be able to reach beyond the grave and spring a soul from purgatory. After posting the Ninety-Five Theses the sale of indulgences went down drastically outside of Saxony, the region surrounding Wittenberg. As word spread around Western Europe, demonstrations for or against Luther started. A few archbishops called for heresy proceedings against Luther to begin immediately. Luther still published other pamphlets that condemned everything from relics and pilgrimages to the Holy City of Rome and extravagant claims of the power of the saints. Soon after, Pope Leo X had Luther brought to Rome. He had Luther issue a public retraction and swear to never again question papal authority, Luther refused. His public criticism of the misuse of letters of indulgence in 1517 did not result in the desired discussion but led to the start of a court of inquisition culminating in Luther's excommunication after the Imperial Diet of Worms in 1521. Frederick the Wise, king of Germany,...

Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 17

Abortion - Essay Example n argue that abortion is performed (especially in pregnancy’s first trimester) when the fetus is incapable of independent existence and so cannot be regarded as a separate entity (thereby giving the mother the right to choose to terminate the pregnancy or carry it to term) (Currie, 98). This group also asserts that teenagers who become mothers (parents) have very grim prospects for the future and that abortion also importantly serves to reduce the crimes that stem from the need to provide for the child (and its mother) (Paley, 221). Moreover, proponents of abortion observe that is medical technology reveals before birth that the child will be deformed or grow up to be sickly, abortion becomes handy in helping alleviate the pain of watching the child labor through a miserable life. However, abortion cannot be validated by such feeble arguments. Life begins at conception, and so abortion is akin to murder, which is punishable by law (Williams, 65). It is also unfair to kill an unborn child simply because life’s odds do not favor the parent(s). If all expectant parents reasoned like this, most of us would not be alive today. Even so, adoption still remains a fair option that gives both the parents and the child a chance at life. It is equally essential to note that rape and poverty are not valid reasons to terminate a pregnancy because abortion only punishes the child who has done absolutely nothing wrong and deserves a chance at life like the rest of us (Tushnet, 124). The problem is not the child (pregnancy) but rape, crime, unemployment, poor economies, and so on. Furthermore, apart from the ageless mental scars obtained from abortion, such procedures can also render one infertile or cause cancers. This is not to mention the billions of women who have died after an abortion gone wrong since time immemorial (Berlatsky, 78). Innately, all persons are capable of realizing the ills of abortion and to rightly reckon that no amount of academic arguments can make it

Criminal Justice (Probation & Parole) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Criminal Justice (Probation & Parole) - Essay Example However, prison authorities over the years have continued to utilize this labor to their advantage by selling work force to privately owned manufacturing companies, a fact that has attracted a lot of criticism in the past. This is done through contracting and leasing. The contract system of exploiting convict labor for example involved the entering into a deal by prison authorities, with private industries such as garment manufacturers who paid money to the state so that they can be allowed to use prisoners as their laborers (Lichtenstein, 2000). It was considered to be an unfair process especially since these prisoners were subjected to normal or even worse working conditions than workers outside prisons, but were hardly compensated for their efforts. Prison facilities were used as premises for conducting these activities meaning that contactors had to supply the prisons with necessary raw materials and equipment as well as supervisors to oversee the production processes. The convict lease system on the other hand involved letting prisoners out of the prisons during the day to go and work for private companies, and then return them to their cells in the evening (Lichtenstein, 2000). Some of the companies that participated in this arrangement included and not limited to miners, rail and road constructors and large scale farmers among others. As with the contract system, convicts in this system worked for free leaving the state and the businesses to enjoy the fruits of their labor. This form of arrangement came to being mainly after the liberation and banishing of slave trade, which left companies with a huge deficit in their work force. In the US for example, it is believed that this system started in Texas at around the year 1883 but after constant criticism, especially due to the inhumane treatment of convict laborers by their masters, it was abolished in the